Articles | Index

Hundred Octane Aviation Fuel 2010-03-18
Interestingly of all machines, only airplanes have their own fuel In the late 1930s light weight and compact engines were being developed with compression ratios that required fuels not subject to detonation. 100 octane began as a scientific curiosity by blending 70 octane with chemicals such as tetraethel lead and hydrogen to get the higher octane. In 1938 an alkylation process by Humble Oil greatly increased the possible production of 100 octane. Cold acid alkylation made it possible to raise 1943 production of 100 octane to 15,000,000 gallons per DAY! However, full power engines still encountered detonation. The solution was to use fuel additives that would become effective to prevent detonation at full power operations but at lower powers were adjusted to lower octane. 100/130, 91/95, and 80/87 aviation octane fuels became the norm. By mid-1940 all British fighters were converted to operate on 100/130. This change allowed manifold pressures to be raised from 42 to 54 inches. This gave every engine an effective 30% increase in power. Now, tell me, what won the Battle of Britain. Chandelle is French from montrer en chandelle, which means climb around a candle. Comment		External Links  Recent articles Illusions - IFR for VFR pilots P The purpose of IFR training is to be able to read interpret the instruments and fly accordingly The introduction of the VFR student to the... The Johnson Bar One unlikely aircraft feature was derived from the steam engine The Johnson bar was used to control the amount of steam and hence the... Run-up Control check BR Engine check BR Instrument settings BR Uses checklist BR Airspeed distances review BR Emergency and departure review... Post-Landing P Once on the ground Do not relax Hold the yoke back and properly positioned for taxi For any turns off the runway the yoke should... Bits and Pieces ul li Tolerance to lack of oxygen decreases proportionately with age BR li Patience... Nutrition P Food when converted into glucose is the source of brain energy Glucose cannot be stored As blood sugar it requires constant renewal If glucose... The Aircraft Make model serial number and quot;N quot; number can identify an aircraft You should know the year the aircraft was built ... Trim Tab Inventor Also known at the servo trim was invented by Anton Flettner a German aeronautical engineer He worked for the Zeppelin Company in Germany... Teaching 30 Years Ago The following is a #39;Preliminary Talk Notes #39; that I made early on in my instructing career Going over them was of interest ... Instruction Initially the ground instruction begins with basic background and theory The flight lesson is predicated by the use of preflight and Postflight briefings... Emergency Procedures Use of checklist BR Emergency descent BR Situations where required BR Advantage of using flaps BR Speeds within 5 knots BR ... Alert Areas P High volume military flight areas are classified as Alert Areas Basic VFR requirements exist but no clearance is required Visual separation is a must ... Bits and Pieces ul li Tolerance to lack of oxygen decreases proportionately with age BR li Patience is one... Learning To Fly Young You really don t need to go to a flying school to learn to fly The schools tend to be quite expensive I hope you live... The Instructor I can teach you to fly in about five minutes but it will take the rest of your life to get it right It is not just... Training Attitudes A casual approach to flying can be hazardous Flying requires considerable planning and rethinking of the options as the flight progresses The midset... Knowing Know He who knows not and knows not that he knows not is a fool shun him BR He who... Dealing with Delays One of the advantages of learning to fly in the fall is the greater probability of weather delays A pilot learns to live with and accept delays of any kind... Private Pilot Endorsements An instructorís endorsement indicates that he feels you have been instructed in and are competent to perform a given maneuver At that time Your logbook is a legal document... Utilizing Hood Training P The FAA integrated mix of VFR and IFR instruction is a violation of the very instructional precepts considered basic to flight instruction The purpose of the... You and Illusions P 1 Illusions can and do occur to everyone BR 2 Proper planning for strange airport conditions is essential BR 3 Weather and... The Competence of Incompetence With the advent of a new study as to what constitutes competence there is a new fear by the self assured that they may be among ... 1997 Nall Report li An accident as a judgment failure BR li Pilots only spot one third of ATC traffic reported as significant BR... The PTS Everything about the Practical Test is a given If you have studied the PTS you know what is going to happen You may not know when or just how... Homebuilt Statistics 2 of planes are homebuilt #133;they have 10 of the accidents and are twice as likely to be totally destroyed P ... Reaction and Anticipation P In searching for an appropriate place for this material I was surprised at how often the terms appeared the variety of context and application to... Nice To Know Information ul li Multiply horsepower by 09 to give gallons per hour consumption with safety factor BR li Most aircraft... FAR 91 aircraft equipment required Day VFR minimum equipment: airspeed altimeter compass tachometer fuel gauge oil temperature oil pressure gear indicator and manifold... Keys For Successful Learning P B 1 Time of year B BR Summer flying gives longer days but does not provide the most desirable range of experience... Holding Patterns IFR The shape of the holding pattern was based upon a requirement that older gyro instruments be allowed to settle down in a turn The... Are You FARs Ready? Requirements of 61 87 logged as satisfactory proficiency and safety BR Review of logbook entries insures compliance with long term requirements BR Recent sign offs... Stress P Human performance is mitigated by physical stresses such as fatigue fitness sleep food age and illness Psychological stressors such as personal family... Teaching Airplane English I am in the process of #39;re treading #39; two pilots who have radio problems They are both experienced complex high performance ... S-Turns P The two downwind and two upwind turns of the S turn combine the four quadrants of the left and right turns about a point The technique... Power-off Stalls No lower that 1500 #39; BR Stabilized approach landing configuration full flaps BR Stall induced in back side of the power curve and heading ... Service Bulletin P Issued by manufacturer about service problems and solutions The solution is not mandatory as with an AD P ... Spins Were A One Time Thing In 1914 An unheralded aviation pioneer is British scientist F A Lindemann quot;The Prof quot; as he was known led a very ... On Flight Instructors Almost anyone can learn to fly an airplane if exposed to the environment long enough and teaching someone properly is extremely hard work ... Runway Incursions P An incursion is when anything on the ground creates a collision hazard with an active runway area Human error is the primary cause These are... The Student As A Problem Of great concern to the responsible instructor is the prospective pilot who is heavily occupied with concerns unrelated to flying Many students who are... Aircraft Preflight P FAR 91 103 refers to weather airport data and POH information on aircraft performance FAR 91 7 b refers to inspection of aircraft condition... Would You Believe That You Can... ul li Be a non instrument rated pilot and fly in VFR condition of top of overcast at night in a VFR only... Gaining Experience P Once reasonable proficiency in the four basics and landing procedures has been acquired it is important that the instructor provide variations such as are likely to... Radio Communications at an Uncontrolled Airport Start listening well away from the airport Overfly above pattern altitude if you are uncertain of pattern or procedures Adhere to AIM recommended procedures Doing otherwise... VFR to IFR Options P What to do If you #39;re on top do the four C #39;s Climb communicate confess comply If fuel and weather... Statistics on Fuel/electric related accidents ol P li Experience level of the pilot does not seem to matter in fuel related accidents BR li 86... Introduction to The Radio P I introduce the ATIS frequency 124 7 the alphabetical sequencing order of information during the day and how to use this information ... Aircraft Logbooks Maintenance records of aircraft and engine must be available to the examiner FAR 91 3 The pilot must be able to explain and interpret all of the maintenance records ... Teaching Precepts P Docendo Discimus We learn by teaching When by yourself you are the instructor BR BR ... Instruction use of MS Flight Simulator I can MS Simulator be a helpful for my flight training i p At the end of WWII I was...  Related Links
©2010 4VFR.COM, All Rights Reserved	Powered by 4vfr.com