Articles | Index

The Aircraft 2010-03-18
Make, model, serial number and "N" number can identify an aircraft. You should know the year the aircraft was built and any major ADs that have applied since it was built. The aircraft acquires an airworthiness certificate when built or when undergoing major repair. If the required inspections have not been made the airworthiness certificate is not valid. Every aircraft is required to have an annual inspection. Any aircraft used for instruction, compensation or hire is required to have 100-hour inspections. As issued the certificate remains valid as long as the aircraft is maintained per FARs 43 (maintenance) and FARs 91. After manufacture, the FAA may issue Airworthiness Directories (ADs) to correct perceived flaws. ADs amend the original airworthiness by requiring FAR compliance. This may be by structural change, maintenance, inspection, or placard. An AD may require immediate, recurrent or delayed compliance. Non-compliance renders the aircraft unairworthy and may void insurance coverage. The aircraft owner is responsible for AD compliance. The pilot must know where to find the AD compliance list and should talk to a mechanic as to the interpretation of its codes. The requirement for this knowledge is barely recognizable in the PTS but it is there. FAR 91.213 has to do with MELs (Minimum Equipment Lists) 91.213(d) applies to aircraft without MELs. AC 91-67, Minimum Equipment Requirements for General Aviation Operations Under part 91. Essentially, those aircraft not having MELs must comply with the original operating equipment when the aircraft was certified as airworthy. Once the aircraft's type design data have been established, they are published in an Aircraft Specification Sheet or Type Certificate Data Sheet. The data on these sheets apply throughout its operational life. FAR 91.405 directs the owner/operator to have discrepancies repaired or placarded as permitted to be inoperative by 91.213(d)(2) until the next inspection and placarded until then as required by FAR 43.11. Comment		External Links  Recent articles Cold Weather P Hot or cold temperatures affect the quality of the preflight In the winter as your body cools you tend to mentally and physically slow down... Trim P Most aircraft have single axis trim for the elevator Airliners have three axis trim for the elevator rudder and ailerons Trim is used to... Society of Automotive Engineers In 1917 the SAE had an Aeronautical Division which diagrammed and identified the stick controls and rudder used to control aircraft Altitude ... Night Flight (Discussion) Use of checklist BR Preflight BR Chart reading BR Hazards and precautions BR Lighting systems of plane and airport BR... IFR Maneuvers Straight and level control U U 200 feet of altitude U U 20 degrees of heading U ... Instruction Initially the ground instruction begins with basic background and theory The flight lesson is predicated by the use of preflight and Postflight briefings... Certificates and Documents I FONT SIZE quot; 1 quot; REFERENCES; FARs 43 61 and 91; AC 61 21 AC61 23; Pilot #39;s handbook and Flight Manual... Taildraggers 19 of fleet are taildraggers BR 6 to 29 of landing accidents P P ... Minimum Equipment List P I Reference FAR Part 91 I P P P Knowledge of required instruments and equipment for day night VFR... Trim Tab Inventor Also known at the servo trim was invented by Anton Flettner a German aeronautical engineer He worked for the Zeppelin Company in Germany... Short Field Takeoffs Rotate at Vx or as recommended BR Climb at Vx 10 or 5 knots to 50í BR Above 50í climb at Vy 10... Private Pilot Sharing of Expenses Only direct operating costs of rental and fuel ... Illusions - IFR for VFR pilots P The purpose of IFR training is to be able to read interpret the instruments and fly accordingly The introduction of the VFR student to the... Decisions, Decisions, Decisions P Even the best instruction will not suffice if the student does not show good judgment The student must always be making a series of judgmental decisions... Reaction and Anticipation P In searching for an appropriate place for this material I was surprised at how often the terms appeared the variety of context and application to... Non-IFR Pilot ul li 1 accident in 12 186 hours in IFR conditions BR li 1 accident in 94 819 hours... Engine Failure Accidents ul li 22 of all accidents BR li 4 only partial failure BR li... A Training Program P I make a practice of having prospective students come to my home office for a couple of hours to discuss flying I request that... The Competence of Incompetence With the advent of a new study as to what constitutes competence there is a new fear by the self assured that they may be among ... Introduction to The Radio P I introduce the ATIS frequency 124 7 the alphabetical sequencing order of information during the day and how to use this information ... Restricted Areas P You should determine if area is quot;hot quot; or in use Hazardous area usually due to military firing bombs explosive missile activity... Accidents By Experience Level Less experienced pilots are more susceptible to accidents BR li Flying less than 10 hours in 30 days or less than 25 hours... Runway Incursions P An incursion is when anything on the ground creates a collision hazard with an active runway area Human error is the primary cause These are... The Compass The ancients recognized the pole star as being a constant reference for determining direction The Norsemen in the 11th century used a needle of... Fear of Flying An Opinion on Fear B BR I have concerns with fear as it relates to flying I realize fear of... Dealing with Delays One of the advantages of learning to fly in the fall is the greater probability of weather delays A pilot learns to live with and accept delays of any kind... VFR to IFR Options P What to do If you #39;re on top do the four C #39;s Climb communicate confess comply If fuel and weather... Wire Strikes li 1 accident in 20 is a wire strike BR li A wire strike will occur below 200 #39; AGL in VFR BR... Private Pilot Endorsements An instructorís endorsement indicates that he feels you have been instructed in and are competent to perform a given maneuver At that time Your logbook is a legal document... Spatial Disorientation P Spatial disorientation is the No 1 cause of military fatal accidents Even the best pilot will become disoriented under the right conditions Effects on... Windsock The word sock is from the colloquial French meaning close in or conceal When an airport was `socked in #39; the windsock was taken... Are You Ready? In the real world of life some things are done too soon Getting married having children picking fruit and going into your own business are... Safe Operation Use of tow bar BR Why recommended procedures BR Post flight inspection ... Crosswind Takeoff P The crosswind takeoff requires some timing skills that are not present in other landings On full power application the yoke is held full over into the... Traffic Patterns Local rules BR Altitudes U U 100 and speeds U U 10 knots BR The idea of... Unusual Attitude Recoveries Nose up Recover with pitch down add power level wings BR Nose down Recover with reduced power level wings pitch to level ... Pilots Are Special P A pilot has overcome his fears He has replaced superstition with rational thinking and knowledge It takes a special degree of courage to face your... Teaching Memory P The way an instructor presents material has a great influence on student retention of what is being taught Trauma is proven to be the absolute best... Age as a Factor In Flying P The average General Aviation pilot was 39 years of age in 1990 Pilots over 60 have 2 1 times more accidents than pilots in their 50... Smoking 1 A smoker of 1 and 1 2 packs a day will ingest into his lungs a radiation level of 8000 millirem just from cigarettes ... Paperwork Endorsements: BR ol li Your student license must be endorsed for each type of aircraft flown and for cross country flight BR ... Inspections P FAR 43 11 a b Type description date total time signature certificate type and number; approval or disapproval for return ... 1999 Was A Very Good Year 1908 general aviation accidents BR 342 were fatal accidents BR 7 05 accidents per 100 000 hours of flying BR ... My First Month As A Student Pilot H4 Week 1 H4 P FONT SIZE quot; 1 quot; Monday: Rain BR Tuesday: Rain BR ... The Student As A Problem Of great concern to the responsible instructor is the prospective pilot who is heavily occupied with concerns unrelated to flying Many students who are... Passenger Boarding Information Welcome aboard this non commercial flight in the vicinity of San Francisco We will be departing shortly and with any luck at all will... Scanning (instructor notes) P I suggest a scan process of having the student follow my finger as I point successively from HI to AI VSI to AI Altimeter to ... Military Operational Areas (MOA) P ATC may fly IFR flights through if radar separation possible Because of military aerobatics VFR flight requires caution No clearance required but contact controlling agency... Planned Instruction The military is a leading exponent of programmed instruction Under such a program every thing in the future is based upon the building blocks... Teaching 30 Years Ago The following is a #39;Preliminary Talk Notes #39; that I made early on in my instructing career Going over them was of interest ...  Related Links
©2010 4VFR.COM, All Rights Reserved	Powered by 4vfr.com